|
bilangan biner
|
||||||||
|
des
|
/128
|
/64
|
/32
|
/16
|
/8
|
/4
|
/2
|
/1
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
8
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
9
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
10
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
13
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
14
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
16
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
17
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
18
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
19
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
20
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
21
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
22
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
23
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
24
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
25
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
26
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
27
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
28
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
29
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
30
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
31
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
32
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
33
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
34
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
35
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
36
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
37
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
38
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
39
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
40
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
41
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
42
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
43
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
44
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
45
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
46
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
47
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
48
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
49
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
50
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
51
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
52
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
53
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
54
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
55
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
56
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
57
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
58
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
59
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
60
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
61
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
62
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
63
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
64
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
65
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
66
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
67
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
68
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
69
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
70
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
71
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
72
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
73
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
74
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
75
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
76
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
77
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
78
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
79
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
80
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
81
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
82
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
83
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
84
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
85
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
86
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
87
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
88
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
89
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
90
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
91
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
92
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
93
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
94
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
95
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
96
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
97
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
98
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
99
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
100
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
101
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
102
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
103
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
104
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
105
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
106
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
107
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
108
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
109
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
110
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
111
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
112
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
113
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
114
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
115
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
116
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
117
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
118
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
119
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
120
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
121
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
122
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
123
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
124
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
125
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
126
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
127
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
128
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
129
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
130
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
131
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
132
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
133
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
134
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
135
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
136
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
137
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
138
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
139
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
140
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
141
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
142
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
143
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
144
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
145
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
146
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
147
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
148
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
149
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
150
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
151
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
152
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
153
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
154
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
155
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
156
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
157
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
158
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
159
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
160
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
161
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
162
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
163
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
164
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
165
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
166
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
167
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
168
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
169
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
170
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
171
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
172
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
173
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
174
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
175
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
176
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
177
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
178
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
179
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
180
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
181
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
182
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
183
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
184
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
185
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
186
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
187
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
188
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
189
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
190
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
191
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
192
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
193
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
194
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
195
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
196
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
197
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
198
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
199
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
200
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
201
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
202
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
203
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
204
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
205
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
206
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
207
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
208
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
209
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
210
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
211
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
212
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
213
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
214
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
215
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
216
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
217
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
218
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
219
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
220
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
221
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
222
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
223
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
224
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
225
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
226
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
227
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
228
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
229
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
230
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
231
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
232
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
233
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
234
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
235
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
236
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
237
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
238
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
239
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
240
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
241
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
242
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
243
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
244
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
245
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
246
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
247
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
248
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
249
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
250
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
251
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
252
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
253
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
254
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
255
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
/ 24 = IIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII = IP 232-n
=232-24
=28
=256
∑
= IP – 2
=
256 – 2
=
254
/25=IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/I0000000 = IP 232 – n
=
232
– 26
=
27
=
128
∑
= IP -2
=
128 – 2
=
126
/26= IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/II000000 = IP 2 23 – n
=
2 32-26
=
26
=
64
∑
= IP – 2
=
128- 2
=
126
/27= IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/III00000= IP23 – n
= 232-27
=
2 5
= 32
∑ = IP – 2
= 32
– 2
= 30
/28= IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIII0000 = = IP23 – n
= 232-28
=
24
= 16
∑ = IP – 2
= 16
– 2
= 14
/29= IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIII000 = = IP23 – n
= 232-29
=
23
= 8
∑ = IP – 2
= 8 –
2
= 6
/30= IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIIIII/IIIIII00 = IP23 – n
= 232-30
=
22
= 4
∑ = IP – 2
= 4 –
2
= 2
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