IPA (LIMBAH)

Air Pollution

DEFINITIONSAir pollution is the presence of one or more chemical or biological substansifisika atmospheric quantities that could endanger human health, animals, and plants, disrupting the aesthetics and comfort, or property damage.Air pollution can be caused by natural sources and human activity. Some definitions of physical disorders sepertipolusi sound, heat, radiation or light pollution is considered as air pollution. The nature of air pollution impacts can be direct and local regional and global
Sources of Air PollutionAir pollutants can be divided into two, namely, primary pollutants and secondary pollutants. Primary pollutants are substances directly arising from pollutant sources of air pollution. [Carbon monoxide] is an example of primary air pollutants because it is the result daripembakaran. Pollutants secondary pollutant is a substance formed from the reaction of primary pollutants in the atmosphere in the formation of ozone [smog photochemical] is an example of secondary pollution.Lately growing concern about the effects of air pollution emissions in a global context and its relationship to global warming (global warming) that influence;Human activities• Transportation• Industry• The power plant• Burning (fireplaces, stoves, furnaces, [incinerator] with different types of fuel• The exhaust gas plants that produce harmful gases such as (CFC)Natural sources• Volcanoes• Swamps• WildfiresOther sources• Transport of ammonia• Leaking chlorine tank• Generation of methane gas from landfills Uruk land• Steam organic solvents[Types of pollutants• Carbon monoxide• Oxides of nitrogen• Oxides of sulfur• CFC• hydrocarbons• ozone• Volatile Organic Compounds• particularsImpactHealth impactsThe substance of pollutants contained in the air can enter the body through the respiratory system. Away penetration of contaminants into the body depending on the type of pollutant. Large particulates can persist in the upper respiratory tract, whereas small-sized particulates and gases can reach the lungs. From the lungs, pollutants are absorbed by the blood circulation and spread throughout the body.Health impact of the most common is the ISNA (upper respiratory infection), including, asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory disorders. Some contaminants are categorized as toxic and carcinogenic.estimate the impact of air pollution in Jakarta associated with premature mortality, hospital admissions, reduced working days effective, and ISNA in 1998 amounting to 1.8 trillion dollars and will increase to 4.3 trillion rupiah in 2015.Impact on plantPlants that grow in areas with high air pollution levels can be stunted and prone to diseases, such as chlorosis, necrosis and black spots. Particulate deposited on plant surfaces may inhibit the process of photosynthesis.Acid rainPH ordinary rainwater is 5.6 due to the presence of CO2 in the atmosphere. Air pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 reacts with water to form acid rain and lowering the pH of rainwater. The effects of acid rain, among others:• Influence of surface water quality• Damaging crops• Dissolves heavy metals present in the soil that affect the quality of ground water and surface water• Equity damaging corrosive materials and buildingThe greenhouse effectThe greenhouse effect is caused by the presence of CO2, CFCs, methane, ozone, and N2O in the Troposphere layer that absorbs solar heat radiation reflected by the Earth's surface. As a result, the heat trapped in the troposphere and causing global warming phenomenon.The impact of global warming are:• Melting of polar ice• regional and global climate change• Changes in the lifecycle of flora and faunaDamage to the ozone layerozone layer in the stratosphere (20-35 km altitude) is a function of the earth's natural protective filter out radiation, ultraviolet B from the sun. The formation and decomposition of ozone molecules (O3) occurs naturally in the stratosphere. Emissions of CFCs reach the stratosphere is very stable and causes the rate of decomposition of ozone molecules faster than its formation, thus forming the holes in the ozone layer.Troposphere
 Troposphere is the lowest atmospheric layer thickness of approximately up to 10 kilometers above the earth's surface. In the troposphere, there are greenhouse gases that cause the greenhouse effect and global warmingGlobal Warming or Global Warming is a process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, ocean and land, the earthGlobal average temperature at the Earth's surface has increased by 0.74 ± 0:18 ° celsius. 1:33 ± 0:32 ° Fahrenheit over the last century. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "most of the increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century most likely caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity through the greenhouse effect Pemanasan_global These basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least 30 scientific and academic bodies, including all the national science academies of the G8 nations. however, there are some scientists who do not agree with some of the conclusions that the IPCC stated.Climate models referenced by the IPCC project shows global surface temperature will rise 1.1 to 6.4 ° C (2.0 to 11.5 ° F) between 1990 and 2100. cite_note-0-grida7 guesstimate difference was caused by the use of different scenarios on emissions of greenhouse gases in the future, as well as models of differing climate sensitivity. While most research focuses on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas emissions have stabilized. cite_note-0-grida7 This reflects the large heat capacity of the oceans.Increasing global temperature will cause changes such as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, cite_note well as changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation. The effects of global warming include its impact on agriculture, the loss of glaciers, and the extinction of various animal species.Some of the things scientists are still doubtful about the amount of warming expected in the future, and how warming and the changes that occur will vary from one region to another. Until now there is still political and public debate in the world about what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse further warming or to adapt to the consequences that exist. Most governments in the world have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.